de-, do-

    de-, do-

    English meaning: a demonstrative stem

    Deutsche Übersetzung: Demonstrativstamm, partly ich-deiktisch; Grundlage verschiedener Partikeln

    Material: Av. vaēsmǝn-da “ up there to the house “; Gk. -δε in ὅ-δε, ἥ-δε, τό-δε “ that here, this “ (I - deixis), ἐνθά-δε, ἐνθέν-δε, τεῖ-δε, hinter acc. the direction, e.g. δόμον-δε, οἶκον δε, οἶκόνδε, ᾽Αθήναζε (*Αθᾱνᾰνσ-δε), as Av.vaēsmǝn-da (arkad. θύρδα ἔξω Hes., reshuffling of -δε after double forms as πρόσθε : πρόσθα), also in δε-ῦρο (δεῦρο emulated pl.) “here”, Lat. quan-de, quam-de “ as like “ = Osc. pan, Umbr. pane “as”, also Osc. pún, Umbr. pon(n)e “as well as” (*quom-de), Lat. inde “ thence, from there “ (*im-de), un-de “ whence, from where “; Gk. δέ “but”; Gk. δή “ just, now, just, certainly “, ἤ-δη “already”, ἐπει-δή “ since, whereas, because “; δαί after interrogative words “(what) then?”; IE *de put also in O.Ir. article in-d (*sind-os, IE *sēm-de); Ital. -*düm in Lat. quī-dam, quon-dam, Umbr. ne-rsa “as long as” (probably solidified acc. f.*ne-düm “ not at the same time “; besides m. or n. in:); Lat. dum (*dom) ‘still”, as Konj. “while, during the time that; so long as, provided that; until”, originally demonstratives “then”, compare etiam-dum, interdum, nōndum, agedum (: Gk. ἄγε δή), manedum, quidum “as so?” under likewise, then in relative-conjunctional meaning, as also in dummodo, dumnē, dumtaxat ; Osc. ísídum “ the same as” however, is to be disassembled in ís-íd-um, as also in. Lat. īdem, quidem, tandem, tantusdem, totidem is not to be recognized with dum from *dom the changing by ablaut -dem; īd-em from *idem = O.Ind. id-ám “ just this “, compare Osc. ís-íd-um, as quid-em from *quid-om = Osc. píd-um, and as a result of the syllable separation i-dem would be sensed as -dem an identity particle and would grow further); but the primary meaning of dum is “ a short while “, wherefore u perhaps is old (compare dūdum) and dum belongs to root deu̯ǝ- (EM2 288 f.). IE *dō originally “here, over here” in Lat. dō-ni-cum (archaically), dōnec (*dō-ne-que), for Lukrez also donique “ so long as, till that, to, finally “, but also “then” (dō- equal meaning with ad-, ar- in Umbr. ar-ni-po “ as far as “ from *ad-ne-qʷom) and in quandō “when” = Umbr. panupei “ whenever, as often as; indef. at some time or other “; O.Ir.do, du, O.Welsh di (= ði), Corn. ðe “to” from *dū (in Gaul. du-ci “and”), Thurneysen Grammar 506; O.E. tō, O.S. tõ (te, ti), O.H.G. zuo (za, ze, zi; the abbreviated forms are in spite of Solmsen KZ. 35, 471 not to understand as previously Proto-IE ablaut variants), Ger. to (Goth. du “to” with dat. and preverb, e.g. in du-ginnan “begin”, seems proclitic development from *tō(?), is marked from Brugmann II2, 812 as unresolved); O.Lith. do preposition and prefix “to”; O.C.S. da “ so, and, but; that “ (meaning-development “*in addition” - ‘still, and”, from which then the subordinating link); different Pedersen Toch. 5. Besides IE *dŏ in O.C.S. do “until, to”. Lith. da-, perfektivierendes verbal prefix, and Ltv. da “until - to”, also verbal prefix e.g.in da-iet “hinzugehen”, derive from dem Slavischen. en-do: aLat. endo, indu “in”, Lat. only more as composition part, e.g. indi-gena, ind-ōles, other formations in Hom. τὰ ἔν-δ-ῑνα (right ἔνδῐνα) “intestines, entrails “, M.Ir. inne “ds.” (*end- io-); against it wird O.Ir. ind- preposition and prefix “in” von Thurneysen Grammar 521 as after in- umgefärbte Entsprechung von Gaul. ande contemplates and further von Pedersen KG. I 450 with Goth. and “until”, O.Ind. ádhi connected; and Gk. ἔνδο-θι “ indoors, in, within “, ἔνδο-θεν “ from inside “ are reshaped as Lesb. Dor. ἔνδοι after οἴκο-θι, -θεν, -ι from ἔν- δον, s. *dem- “to build”; Hitt. an-da “in” to *en-do(or *n̥-do?), Pedersen Hitt. 166. Whereas it is the adverbial- and predicate character of nouns O.Ir. in(d), O.Bret. in, M.Welsh yn probably instrumental of article; s. further Thurneysen Grammar 239. dē (as dō probably an instr. extension) in Lat. dē “prep. with abl. in space, down from, away from. Transf., coming from an origin; taken from a class or stock, made from a Material, changed from a previous state; of information, from a source. in time, following from, after; in the course of, during. about a subject; on account of a cause; according to a standard”, falisk. de (besides Osc. dat “dē” (for *düd, with t after post, pert etc; Osc.-Umbr. *düd is probably replacement for *dē after ehtrüd etc, respectively after the ablative transformed in instr. -ē(d), ō(d):üd); as preverb in da[da]d “ give away, give up, surrender, deliver, consign, yield, abandon, render “, dadíkatted “ dedicate, consecrate, set apart “, Umbr. daetom “ a fault, crime “; in addition compounds Lat. dēterior “ lower, inferior, poorer, worse “, Sup. dēterrimus, dēmum (altLat. also dēmus) “ of time, at length, at last; in enumerations, finally, in short; “id demum”, that and that alone “ (“*to loWest “ - “lastly, finally”), dēnique “ at last, finally; in enumerations, again, further or finally; in short, in fine “; O.Ir. dī (besides de from IE dĕ, wherewith perhaps Gaul. βρατου-δε “ from a judicial sentence “ is to be equated), O.Welsh di, Welsh y, i, Corn. the, Bret. di “ from - down, from - away “, also as privative particle (e.g. O.Welsh di-auc “ slow, tardy, slack, dilatory, lingering, sluggish, inactive, lazy “, as Lat. dēbilis; intensifying O.Ir. dī-mōr “ very large “ as Lat. dēmagis “furthermore, very much”) The meaning “ from - down, from - away “ these with Gk. δή, δέ formally the same particle probably is only a common innovation of Celtic and Italic; also German? (Holthausen KZ. 47, 308: O.H.G. züdal “poverty, need” from *dē-tlom, of *dē “ from - away “, as wüdal “poor, needy” : Lat. vē “enclitic, or, or perhaps”?). The ending of the following adverbial groups also belongs to this root: O.Ind. tadǘ “then”, Av. taδa “then”, Lith. tadà “then”; O.Ind. kadǘ “when?”, Av. kadü, jAv. kaδa “when?”, Lith. kadà “when”; O.Ind. yadǘ “when, as”, Av. yadü, jAv. yaδa “when”, O.C.S. jeda “when” (vgl also O.Ind. yadi “if”, O.Pers. yadiy, Av. yeδi, yeiδi “as soon as” and Av. yaδüt “whence”); O.Ind. idǘ “now, yet”; also the Slav. formations as Russ. kudá “whereto, where”; Maybe Alb. ku-do (*kudá)”everywhere, anywhere”, nasal nga-do (kądě) “everywhere” O.C.S. kądu, kądě “whence”, nikъda-že “never”, Pol. dokąd “whereto, where”, O.C.S. tądě “ from there “, sądu “ from here “ under likewise, but it could contain also IE dh. A cognate stem *di perhaps in enkLith. Iran. acc. Av. O.Pers. dim “ her, she “, Av. dit “es”, diš pl. m. f., dī pl. n., and O.Pruss. acc. sg. din, dien “ihn, sie” (etc); compare but Meillet MSL 19, 53 f.

    References: WP. I 769 ff., WH. I 325 f., 339 f., 370 f., 694, 859, Schwyzer Gk. I 624 f.